Phrases

Each and all IEML USL (Uniform Semantic Locators) are built from the words of the language.
Phrases are USLs constructed from words using sentence structure.

• An IEML phrase is an organization of words according to the same grammatical roles as a classical sentence: verb, subject, object, complements, etc. IEML sphrases are recursive: their roles can be filled by sub-phrases.
• The roles in a (recursive) phrase are filled by words or phrases with inflections.

General schema of a phrase

A phrase has nine roles: a root and eight distinct leaf roles. The leaf roles may be empty or may contain only role’s auxiliaries. One of the nine roles has a semantic accent represented by an exclamation mark. The phrase is recursive: the eight leaf roles may contain any phrase.

In terms of building a network of relationships:

• Each of the eight roles can be compared to a main branch, the role’s auxiliaries to small branches that subdivide a main branch, and the categories (words, phrases) to leaves.
• The meaning of a role can be clarified by a role’s auxiliary chosen from the paradigms of auxiliaries specialized in that role.
• The same role can give way to as many semantic branches as there are distinct auxiliaries.
• A role + auxiliary branching can lead to a leaf (a sub-phrase or word) or to a palm whose leaves are linked by a junction.
• The root-leaf relations of the same phrase make a whole.

Details of the nine roles and their specialized auxiliaries

• The root is the governing role of a phrase. There are verbal, nominal, adjectival or adverbial phrases depending on the grammatical class of its root.
  Therefore, the root of a phrase can be:
  • a verb, representing a process, a state or an existence,
  • a noun, representing an actant, entity, substance or essence,
  • an adjective, representing the quality of an actant,
  • an adverb, representing the quality of a process,

The root must include a tool-word that specifies one of the four grammatical classes of E:O:.O:.

When the root is not a verb, the leaf roles are distributed by interpreting the nouns, adjectives or adverbs placed in the root as processes reified into actants or qualities.
The root has no role’s auxiliary.

• The initiator is the subject of a process. It answers the question « who ? ». It can also define the starting point, the initial conditions, the first motor or the first cause of the concept evoked in a phrase.
  The initiator does not have any role’s auxiliary.
• The inter-actant corresponds to the object in classical grammar. It answers the question « what ? ». It also plays the role of medium in the relationship between the initiator and the recipient.
  The inter-actant does not have any role’s auxiliary.
• The recipient is the beneficiary (or victim) of a process. It answers the questions « for whom, to whom, and against whom ? ».
  The recipient does not have any role’s auxiliary.
• The cause (broadly defined) answers the question « why ? ». It specifies the logical, material and formal determinations. It describes the actors that have not been specified by the initiator, the inter-actant or the recipient: media, instruments, effects, consequences. It may also specify methods, rules, laws, reasons, points of view, conditions and contracts.
  A root-cause relationship is specified by an auxiliary of the following paradigm.
  • E:M:.d.+M:O:.- (causes, determinations)
• Time answers the question « when ?  ». It indicates a moment in the past, present, or future that gives clues as to anteriority, posteriority, duration, date, frequency.
  A root-time relationship is specified by an auxiliary chosen among the following paradigms:
  • E:S:+B:M:. distribution in time / frequency 
  • E:M:.-O:.-t.o.-‘ past, present, future (relative or absolute) 
  • E:.O:O:.O:.-t.o.-‘ before, after, until, at the moment, during…
• Place answers the question « where ?  ». It indicates location, spatial distribution, the pace of a movement, paths, roads, spatial relationships and metaphors.
  A root-place relationship is specified by an auxiliary chosen among the following paradigms:
  • E:T:M:. nowhere, everywhere, somewhere
  • E:.-O:.M:M:.-l.-‘ places and movements with an axial orientation (vertical/horizontal).
  • E:.-M:.M:M:.-l.-‘ places and movements according to a path orientation.
• Intention answers the question of purpose, goal, motivation: « for what ? », « to what end? ». It concerns mental orientation, direction of action, pragmatic context, emotion or feeling. It also specifies the practical relations between the root category and the categories in intention.
  A root-intention relationship is specified by an auxiliary chosen from the two following paradigms:
  • E:.-‘h.o.d.-U:.-‘M:O:.-‘, intentional auxiliaries: purpose, reference, motivation, etc.
  • E:.-b.O:M:.-‘E:.-b.O:M:.-‘, pragmatic auxiliaries: relations between games, rules, roles, players, matches and moves in symbolic games.
• Manner answers the questions « how ?  » and « how much ? ». It situates the root on a range of qualities or on a scale of values. It specifies quantities, gradients, measurements and sizes. It also indicates properties, genres and styles.
  A root-manner relationship is specified by an auxiliary chosen from the following paradigms:
  • E:O:M:. quantity / quality comparison
  • E:.A:.O:M:.- six possessive auxiliaries
  • E:.O:.M:O:.- without, with, pro, anti, etc.
  • E:U:S:+T:.-M:M:.o.-‘ Ennead modes.

Example of a phrase including junctions

BIRTH
role	auxiliary	junction	inflection	sub-category
root / noun !			singular	birth
			E:wo.-	we.wo.t.-
initiator				human being
				n.o.-n.o.-‘
cause	agent	and		father
	E:B:.x.-	E:S:.-k.u.-‘		n.a.-m.a.-f.o.-‘
				mother
				f.a.-m.a.-f.o.-‘
time	at the date			date
	E:.wu.U:.-t.o.-‘			t.o.-n.o.-s.u.-‘
place	at	whole -> part		country
	E:.-B:.n.-l.-‘	E:.-S:.m.-l.-‘wo.-‘k.u.-‘,		k.a.-k.a.-
				city
				t.i.-l.i.-‘